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Length scale(s)less than 1e-9 m1e-9 to 1e-6 m1e-6 m1e-6 to 1e-3 m1e-3 m1e-3 to 1 m1 to 10 m10 to 1000 mgreater than 1 km

Time scale(s)less than 1e-3 s1e-3 to 1 s1 to 60 s1 to 60 min1 to 24 hours1 to 30 days1 to 12 monthsgreater than 1 year

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Found 4 Results

Review article

Degradation of anthraquinone dyes from effluents: a review focusing on enzymatic dye degradation with industrial potential

E. Routoula; S. V. Patwardhan

2020Environmental Science and Technology54(2)647-664

Keywordsdye degradation, enzymatic processes, water pollution

DisciplinesChemical Engineering, Chemistry

CategoryReview

Non-expert summaryVery little attention has been given to anthraquinone dyes, which pose a serious environmental problem as their reinforced structure makes them difficult to degrade naturally. Existing methods of decolorization might be effective but are neither efficient nor practical due to extended time, space, and cost requirements. Attention should be given to the emerging routes for dye decolorization via the enzymatic action of oxidoreductases, which have already a strong presence in various other bioremediation applications.

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Article

Mechanisms of photoresist dissolution

Hunek, B., Cussler, E.L.

2002AIChEJ48(4)661-672

Keywordscleaning, decontamination, mass transfer

DisciplinesChemical Engineering, Chemistry

CategoryLaboratory experiments

Scale1e-6 to 1e-3 m / 1e-3 to 1 s, 1 to 60 s, 1 to 60 min

Non-expert summaryPhotoresists are an example of long chain molecules which dissolve in the presence of alkali. Dissolution involves the transport of hydoxyl ions (OH-) into the layer: they react with the photoresist and, depending on the temperature (above or below the upper critical solution temperature, UCST), it will either be transported by diffusion through the fluid boundary layer (above UCST) or form a gel phase (below the UCST), introducing an additional diffusion step in the reaction and mass transfer processes. A physico-chemical model of the process is presented here, applied to novolak resins, which can be applied to other polymeric systems including printing inks and dairy protein foulants. Experiments are performed with a spinning disk apparatus, which gives well defined mass transfer conditions.

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Article

Movement of chemical warfare agent simulants through porous media

Jenkins, R.A., Buchanan, M.V., Merriweather, R., Ilgner, R.H., Gayle, T.M., Watson, A.P.

1994Journal of Hazardous Materials37(2)303-325

Keywordschemical warfare agent simulant, decontamination, permeation, porous material, risk

DisciplinesChemical Engineering, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics

CategoryLaboratory experiments

Scale1e-3 to 1 m / 1 to 60 min, 1 to 24 hours

Non-expert summaryExperimental study of the permeation of CWA simulants through different layers of porous building materials: brick, cinder block, wall board, wood. The breakthrough time is measured in a specially designed cell. Anisotropy of the permeation is observed for anisotropic material such as wood. Surface decontamination is tested and shown effective.

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Review article

Hydrodynamic systems for assessing surface fouling, soil adherence and cleaning in laboratory installations

Detry, J.G., Deroanne, C. and Sindic, M.

2009Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ.13(3)427-439

Keywordscleaning, decontamination, hydrodynamics

DisciplinesChemical Engineering, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics

CategoryReview

Scale1e-6 to 1e-3 m, 1e-3 m, 1e-3 to 1 m / 1 to 60 s, 1 to 60 min

Non-expert summaryThis is a short review presenting and comparing five apparatuses that are used in laboratory scale investigations of cleaning: the parallel plate flow cell, the impinging jet, the radial flow cell, the rotating disk and fluid dynamic gauging. These systems are of particular relevance to the study of surface fouling, surface cleaning or adhesion on solid surfaces in laboratory environment. The key features of their hydrodynamics, as well as their practical advantages and drawbacks, are discussed. Examples of applications fields are also listed. A useful introduction to these devices.

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